Symptoms of Diabetes in Children: Diabetes in children is usually divided into two main types: type 1 diabetes (insulin-dependent diabetes) and type 2 diabetes. Type 1 diabetes is more common in children, but with the increase in obesity and decreased physical activity, cases of type 2 diabetes are also increasing in children.
The following are general symptoms of diabetes in children:
1. Excessive thirst (polydipsia)
The child may feel thirsty all the time and want a lot of water, even if the weather is not hot or he is not very active.
2. Frequent urination (polyuria)
Increased thirst causes him to drink more water, which in turn causes him to urinate more often. The child may wake up several times at night to go to the bathroom.
3. Unusual fatigue
The child may feel tired or lethargic for no apparent reason. This condition occurs due to the body’s inability to use glucose as a source of energy.
4. Unexpected weight loss
Weight loss in children can be a serious warning sign, especially if it is accompanied by a normal appetite or an increase in appetite. The child’s body begins to burn fat and muscle for energy.
5. Excessive hunger (polyphagia)
Diabetes can cause extreme hunger. The child may want to eat more than usual, but despite this, the child loses weight.
6. Blurred vision
High blood sugar can cause changes in the lens of the eye, causing blurred vision. The child may complain of vision problems.
7. Frequent infections
Children with diabetes may get frequent infections, such as yeast infections or urinary tract infections.
8. Inflammation and delayed wound healing
Diabetes can slow the healing of wounds or cuts. If your child’s wounds are healing more slowly than usual, this is a sign to look out for.
9. Irritability or mood swings
Diabetes can affect your child’s mood. He or she may become irritable or angry and exhibit unusual behaviors.
10. Fruity breath
If your child’s blood sugar is very high and diabetic ketoacidosis (a dangerous complication of type 1 diabetes) is developing, your child’s breath may smell fruity.
11. Nausea and vomiting
Diabetic ketoacidosis can cause nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. This condition requires immediate treatment.
12. Dry skin and itching
Dehydration and high blood sugar may cause your child’s skin to become dry and itchy.
When should you see a doctor?
If you notice one or more of the above symptoms in your child, especially if there is unexpected weight loss, excessive thirst, or frequent urination, you should see a doctor right away.
Early diagnosis and treatment can prevent serious complications of diabetes.
Note: Type 1 diabetes usually appears suddenly and requires immediate treatment.
While type 2 diabetes may be more gradual. Parental awareness and attention to these symptoms play a vital role in early detection and control of diabetes.
Managing Diabetes in Children
Diagnosing diabetes in a child can be stressful for parents, but with the right measures, the disease can be well managed. Here are some important tips for managing diabetes in children:
1. Education and awareness for parents and children
Learning about diabetes, the symptoms of high or low blood sugar, and how to manage it is essential for parents and even the child themselves (at an older age).
Participating in educational classes or consulting with a dietitian and diabetologist can be helpful.
2. Regular blood sugar measurement
Your child’s blood sugar should be measured regularly to ensure that it is regulated.
Home blood sugar measuring devices or continuous glucose monitors (CGM) are useful tools for this.
3. Insulin injections (for type 1 diabetes)
Children with type 1 diabetes need insulin injections. These injections may be given daily or based on an insulin pump.
The insulin schedule should be exactly as recommended by the doctor.
4. Healthy and balanced nutrition
The child’s diet should include foods with a low glycemic index (such as whole grains, vegetables, and lean proteins).
Intake of simple sugars and processed foods should be limited.
Small, regular meals help keep the child’s blood sugar stable.
5. Regular physical activity
Regular exercise can help improve insulin sensitivity and blood sugar control.
Exercise activities should be discussed with a doctor or diabetes specialist, especially about the type and intensity of exercise.
6. Management of low blood sugar (hypoglycemia)
Parents should recognize the symptoms of low blood sugar, such as shaking, sweating, weakness, and restlessness, and know how to manage it (such as giving a sweet food).
Always carry foods or drinks containing quickly absorbed sugar, such as fruit juice, with the child.
7. Regular medical follow-up
Regular visits to a diabetes specialist are essential to adjust a treatment plan and monitor possible complications.
Tests like hemoglobin A1c help assess long-term blood sugar control.
8. Psychological and emotional support
Having diabetes can be challenging for a child. Emotional support from parents and talking about the child’s feelings is very important.
If needed, you can seek help from a counselor or psychologist.
9. Pay attention to possible complications
Long-term high blood sugar can lead to complications such as vision, kidney, and nerve problems. Prevention and careful blood sugar control can prevent these complications.
Parents should recognize the early signs of complications and see a doctor if they occur.
10. Emergency preparedness
Parents should be prepared for conditions such as diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). This condition requires immediate medical treatment.
Create an emergency plan that includes doctor contact information and emergency management instructions.
11. Encourage your child to be independent
Depending on your child’s age, you can encourage him to gradually take on responsibilities such as measuring his blood sugar or preparing meals. This will help increase his self-confidence.
12. Interaction with school and teachers
School officials should be aware of the child’s condition and his special needs.
It is essential to train school staff on how to deal with hypoglycemia or other diabetes-related conditions.
13. Join support groups
Participating in diabetes support groups can provide beneficial experiences and psychological support for both parents and child.
Conclusion
With proper management and adherence to the treatment plan, children with diabetes can lead healthy and active lives. Parental awareness and support play a very important role in this path.
14. Planning for Trips and Activities Outside the Home
Travel or activities outside the home, such as camping trips and family outings, may require more preparation for managing your child’s diabetes.
Always carry a blood glucose meter, insulin, appropriate snacks, and sugary treats to help with low blood sugar.
Talk to camp officials or other people you’re traveling with about your child’s condition in advance.
15. Managing Diabetes During Illness
During illness, such as a cold or infection, your child’s blood sugar may increase or fluctuate more.
In these cases, you should check your blood sugar more often and adjust your insulin dose as your doctor recommends.
See your doctor right away if your child is vomiting or very lethargic.
16. Monitoring Growth and Puberty Changes
Rapid growth and hormonal changes during puberty can make blood sugar control challenging.
Insulin needs may change during this time, so regular monitoring and adjustment of treatment are more important.
17. Establishing Sustainable Habits for a Healthy Lifestyle
Help your child gradually establish healthy habits, such as eating nutritious foods, exercising regularly, and getting enough sleep.
These habits will not only help manage diabetes, but also improve their overall health.
18. Teaching your child social management
Teach your child how to talk to friends and others about their diabetes and ask for help if needed.
Your child should also know how to make food choices in situations like parties or restaurants or inject insulin.
19. Taking care of their teeth
Diabetes can increase the risk of gum disease and tooth decay.
Your child should brush and floss their teeth regularly. Regular dental checkups are also important.
20. Keeping your child and family motivated
Your child or family may feel tired or discouraged at times. It is important to stay motivated and focus on the positives, such as your child’s ability to better manage their diabetes.
Celebrating small successes in controlling diabetes can boost your child’s mood.
21. Manage your child’s sleep
Low (hypoglycemia) or high (hyperglycemia) blood sugar levels may disrupt your child’s sleep.
Regularly monitoring your child’s blood sugar before bed and providing a healthy snack can help improve sleep.
22. See other professionals if needed
In addition to your child’s diabetes doctor, your child may need to see other professionals, such as an ophthalmologist (to check for diabetic retinopathy) or a dietitian.
23. Boost your child’s morale and independence
Let your child gradually take more responsibility for managing their diabetes, such as calculating their insulin doses or making food choices.
Encourage them to make informed decisions about their health.
24. Participate in social and athletic activities
Your child should know that diabetes should not prevent them from participating in social and athletic activities.
With proper management, they can participate in sports teams, school camps, and other activities.
25. Preventing feelings of isolation
Some children with diabetes may feel different from others. Parents should reassure them that diabetes is just a part of their life and should not prevent them from enjoying life.
Connecting with other children with diabetes can provide a sense of empathy and support.
The bottom line
Managing diabetes in children requires close collaboration between parents, the child, and the healthcare team. By providing balance in daily life, emotional support, and careful attention to the
child’s specific needs, the child’s quality of life can be improved and potential complications can be prevented.
26. Preventing Long-Term Complications
One of the main goals in managing diabetes in children is to prevent long-term complications. Close control of blood sugar, blood pressure, and blood lipids can prevent problems such as heart,
kidney, vision, and nerve diseases.
Regular tests such as kidney, vision, and blood lipid tests are essential to identify potential problems at an early stage.
27. Pay attention to the child’s emotional needs
Diabetes can affect a child’s mental health and make them anxious or depressed. Parents should listen to their child’s feelings and encourage them to talk about their concerns and fears.
If necessary, consulting a psychologist or child counselor can be helpful.
28. Encourage diabetes records
Recording daily blood sugar, insulin doses, meals, and physical activity helps the child understand their body patterns and better manage treatment.
Using diabetes-specific apps or notebooks can make this process easier.
29. Consider the risks and complications of long-term travel
If you are planning a long-term trip, parents should plan ahead. This includes making sure they have enough insulin, a blood sugar meter, and a doctor’s contact information.
When traveling by air, insulin and diabetes supplies should always be carried in your carry-on bag, not in the hold.
30. Support other families with diabetes
Parents can connect with other families who have children with diabetes. These connections can be helpful in sharing experiences and providing emotional support.
31. Boost your child’s self-esteem
Parents should show your child that diabetes is just a part of them and should not limit their life. Enhancing your child’s skills and interests in a variety of areas, including academics, arts, and
sports, can help boost their self-esteem.
32. Prepare for the changes of adolescence
Adolescence can be challenging, as hormonal and social changes can make managing diabetes more difficult.
Close collaboration with the doctor and ongoing support for the teenager are essential for better diabetes management during this period.
33. Stress management training
Stress can negatively affect blood sugar control.
Teaching relaxation techniques such as deep breathing, meditation, or creative activities can help the child manage their stress.
34. Promoting a positive outlook
Children with diabetes can live completely normal and successful lives.
Parents should give hope and motivation to the child by providing positive role models, such as successful people with diabetes.
Final conclusion
Diabetes in children is a manageable challenge. With family support, proper education, and cooperation with the treatment team, the child can live a healthy and dynamic life.
The role of parents in creating a stable environment and boosting the child’s morale is crucial. With proper care, children with diabetes can continue to grow and develop and live successful lives.